DNS 正向解析
一,配置DNS域名解析:
1,安装bind软件:
yum -y install bind
2,bind主配置文件说明:
/etc/namd.conf (bind 主要配置文件)
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 172.16.12.1; }; (监听端口53,监听本地IP地址)
forward only; (如果本地没有解析,可以向上一级查找,使用forward)forwarders { 172.16.0.1; };
allow-query { any; }; (允许谁做查询)
dnssec-enable no; (安全功能,关闭或者注释掉)dnssec-validation no;
3,bind zone 配置文件说明:
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones (zone 配置文件)
zone "liubin.com" IN { (添加域名地址,IN表示Internet) type master; (类型为为主) file "liubin.com.zone";(文件地址是/var/named/liubin.com.zone) };
4,域名解析文件说明:
vim liubin.com.zone (创建域名解析文件,文件名称要和zone配置文件中名称相同)
$TTL 86400 (全局变量,缓存时长,以秒为单位)liubin.com. IN SOA liubin.com. nsadmin.liubin.com. ( (域名) (序列号) 2017052301 (域名) (管理员邮箱,不用@,用.) (刷新时间)1H (重试时间)5M (过期时间)7D (否定答案时间)1D) IN NS dns1.liubin.com. dns1.liubin.com. IN A 172.16.12.1 www.liubin.com. IN A 172.16.12.2 web.liubin.com. IN CNAME www
5,修改权限和检测启动bind配置文件
chmod o= liubin.com.zone (修改其他用户权限)
chown :named liubin.com.zone (修改所属组,给named用户读权限)
ll liubin.com.zone -rw-r-----. 1 root named 230 May 23 07:13 liubin.com.zone
named-checkconf (检测named.conf 配置文件,正确无返回结果)
named-checkzone "liubin.com" /var/named/liubin.com.zone 检测区域名"liubin.com"和文件名 /var/named/liubin.com.zone
zone liubin.com/IN: loaded serial 2017052301OK (区域名和文件名正确,显示OK)
6,启动named 和重新加载配置文件: (注意,关闭防火墙和selinux)
service named start
rndc reload (重新载入named配置文件,目前不支持restart)
7,检测DNS服务:
host -t A www.liubin.com (查看A记录)www.liubin.com has address 172.16.12.2
dig -t A www.liubin.com
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.liubin.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13582 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 注意:只有在本地DNS负责的区域内,才会有aa标识 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.liubin.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.liubin.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.12.2 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: liubin.com. 86400 IN NS dns1.liubin.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: dns1.liubin.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.12.1 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.12.1#53(172.16.12.1) ;; WHEN: Tue May 23 08:49:23 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 83
dig -t SOA www.liubin.com (查看起始授权记录)
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6 <<>> -t SOA www.liubin.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 28934 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.liubin.com. IN SOA ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: liubin.com. 86400 IN SOA liubin.com. nsadmin.liubin.com. 2017052301 3600 300 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.12.1#53(172.16.12.1) ;; WHEN: Tue May 23 08:52:01 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 76
dig -t axfr liubin.com (axfr 区域传送,显示整个区域的配置)
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6 <<>> -t axfr liubin.com ;; global options: +cmd liubin.com. 86400 IN SOA liubin.com. nsadmin.liubin.com. 2017052401 86400 300 604800 86400 liubin.com. 86400 IN NS dns1.liubin.com. liubin.com. 86400 IN NS dns2.liubin.com. dns1.liubin.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.12.21 dns2.liubin.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.12.22 web.liubin.com. 86400 IN CNAME www.liubin.com. www.liubin.com. 86400 IN A 172.16.12.3 liubin.com. 86400 IN SOA liubin.com. nsadmin.liubin.com. 2017052401 86400 300 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 172.16.12.21#53(172.16.12.21) ;; WHEN: Tue May 23 21:31:36 2017 ;; XFR size: 8 records (messages 1, bytes 216)